The design of cyclonic pre-heaters in suspension cement kilns
Theoretical fuel demand for producing cement clinker is determined by mineralogical reactions (∼1800 kJ/kg clinker) and by the heat needed for drying and pre-heating of raw materials. The total fuel consumption in modern kiln systems varies from 3000–3600 kJ/kg (dry process with multi-stage cyclonic pre-heaters and pre-calciners) to …